Serum B 12 status in children with severe acute malnutrition and its association with development

Abstract

Introduction: Child malnutrition contributes to significant health issues, including developmental delays. This study examines the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency and its impact on neurodevelopment in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Central India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, involving 50 SAM children aged 1–60 months. Socio-demographic data, anthropometry, nutritional status, and neurodevelopment were assessed. Vitamin B12 levels were measured, with levels below 200 pg/mL considered deficient. Results: The median age was 12 months; 56% had Vitamin B12 deficiency. Developmental delays were observed in gross motor (72%), fine motor (62%), communication (32%), problem-solving (52%), personal social (48%), and global developmental delay (70%). Lower Vitamin B12 levels significantly correlated with delays in several domains. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent among SAM children and is significantly associated with developmental delays, underscoring the need for targeted nutritional interventions.