Spectrum of Thyroid Lesion in Vindhya Region using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

Abstract

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely accepted as a primary diagnostic tool in evaluating thyroid nodules. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) standardizes diagnostic terminology and guides clinical management. A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months on 100 patients presenting with thyroid swellings. FNAC smears were classified using TBSRTC. Out of 100 cases, 93% were satisfactory. Female predominance (93%) was noted. The majority of cases fell in Bethesda Category II (79%). Malignancy (Category VI) was observed in 5% of cases. Neoplastic lesions constituted 14% of total cases, predominantly follicular neoplasm (35.71%). TBSRTC offers a reproducible and clinically useful system for thyroid lesion reporting. The pattern of thyroid lesions in the Vindhya region closely aligns with national trends, though with regional demographic variations.